高考英语influence affect的区别词语辨析

高考英语influence affect的区别词语辨析

　　高考英语词语辨析：affect, effect, influence的区别

1. affect 与 effect 均可表示“影响”，其区别是：前者是动词(及物)，主要指一时的影响，着重影响的动作，可指一般意义的影响(不分好坏)，也可指不良影响;后者是名词(可数或不可数)，两者的关系大致为：affect=have an effect on。如：

　　To affect a policy is to have an effect on it. 影响一项政策就是对该政策具有一种影响。

　　The news did not affect her at all.=The news had no effect on her at all. 这条消息对她没有一点影响。

　　注：effect 有时虽用作动词(及物)，但不表示“影响”，而表示“实现”或“产生”等。如：

　　They effected their escape in the middle of the night. 他们半夜逃脱了。

　　He effected great changes in the company. 他使公司发生了巨大的变化。

2. influence 表示“影响”，主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响。可用作动词(及物)或名词(通常不可数，但有时可连用不定冠词)。如：

　　What you read influences your thinking. 你读的东西对你的思想有影响。

　　It’s clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso. 她的画显然受了毕加索的影响。

　　Television has a strong influence on people. 电视对人有很大的影响。

　　高考英语词语辨析：about, on, with用法辨异

这三个介词的用法既有相同之处，也有不同之处。分述如下：

1. 三者均可表示“随身带着”，有时可互换。如：

　　I have no money about [on, with] me. 我身边没带钱。

2. 严格说来，这三个词是有区别的：

　　(1) about 一般指随身带的小物品。如：

　　Have you a ballpoint pen about you? 你身上带圆珠笔了吗?

　　2) with 多指带较大的东西(也可指较小的东西)。如：

　　He took an umbrella with him. 他随身带了把伞。

　　3) on 表示带在身上(如在口袋里)。如：

　　Have you any money on you? 你身上带着钱吗?

　　注：此例若用 with 或 about，则不一定放在身上，可能放在皮包里等。

3. 用于引申义，表示某人或某物的特性或特征，通常用 about。如：

　　There is something noble about him. 他有一种高贵的气质。

8.com)。

　　We can see something beautiful about the old cottage. 从这座古老的小屋本身我们可以看到一些美的东西。

　　注：以上用法中的 about 有时可与介词 in 换用，前者侧重指外在表现，后者侧重指内在素质。

　　高考英语词语辨析：after 与 behind 用法辨析

　　两者均可表示“在……之后”，既有相同之处，也有不同之处。分述如下：

1. after 主要用于时间或次序，behind 主要用于位置。如：

　　He decided to leave after lunch. 他决定午饭后离开。

　　Summer comes after spring. 春去夏来。

　　The hospital is behind the post office. 医院在邮局后面。

　　注：behind 有时也用于时间，表示“迟于”，主要用于 behind time(迟，晚)这一习语。如：

　　The train was 20 minutes behind time. 火车晚点 20 分钟。

2. 两者都可用于引申义，after 侧重指追求、寻找、模仿等;而behind 则侧重指在背后、支持、落后等。如：

　　The police are after her. 警察在追捕她。

　　Many young people are after her. 许多年青人都追求她。

　　We are behind you completely. 我们完全支持你。

　　He is behind the others in maths. 他的数学不如别人。

　　高考英语词语辨析：accident 与 incident辨析

1. accident 指偶然发生的不幸事件，即“事故”;incident 则指普通的小事件，也指暴力性的政治事件。如：

　　About ten people were killed in the car accident. 在这次车祸中大约有10个人丧生。

　　That was one of the strangest incidents in my life. 那是我一生中最奇怪的事情之一。

　　The book is about the July 7th Incident. 这本书是关于七七事变的`。

2. 在习语 by accident (偶然地)中，不能用 incident。如：

　　I found the wallet quite by accident. 我找到这个钱包纯属偶然。

　　高考英语词语辨析：如何辨析area, region 与 district

三者均可表示“地区”，区别如下：

　　1. area 是这组词中用得最广的，表示的“地区”可大可小，但通常不指行政分区。如：

　　I find the people in this area very friendly. 我发现这个 地方的人很友好。

　　2. region 通常指较大的地区，它既可以表示一个国家的行政分区，也可以指非行政分区。如：

　　The southeast is the richest of England. 英国的东南部是最富有的。

　　Italy is divided into 20 regions. 意大利被分为20个行政区。

　　其他用例：

　　the Arctic region 北极地区 an oil region 石油产区

　　in country regions 在农村地区 a forest region 林区

　　3. district 指相对于 region 稍小的地区，通常指一个国家或城市的行政分区，有时也指非行政分区。如：

　　The letters SW1 stand for a postal district of London. SW1 这几个字母代表伦敦的邮政分区。

　　The busiest shopping district in Beijing is around Wangfujing Street. 北京最热闹的商业区是王府井大街一带。

　　2016高考英语抓分训练：动词和动词短语辨析及答案详解

　　2014高考英语抓分训练：动词和动词短语辨析

　　1.His friends suggest that he should take any job he can get and shouldn't________and choose.

　　A.pick B.take

　　C.start D.mind

　　2.The statement said five people died at the scene in this accident, while 15 others, their teacher included, were ________ dead by the afternoon.

　　A.convinced B.described

　　C.committed D.confirmed

　　3. The colour of that Tshirt ________ and made all the other clothes pink.[来源:www.shulihua.net]

　　A.went B.disappeared

　　C.ran D.fell

　　4. It ________ unusual courage and determination to make the break with his family.

　　A.took B.needed

　　C.spent D.shared

　　5. Lucy has ________ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.

　　A.acquired B.finished

　　C. concluded D.achieved

　　6. He has talents by which he might ___ _____ himself.

　　A.expose B.admire

　　C.distinguish D.hide

　　7.The US government on Wednesday ________ former Commerce Secretary Gary Locke as ambassador to China, making him the first ChineseAmerican ever to take the post.

　　A.accumulated B.reflected

　　C.distinguished D.confirmed

　　8. Miss Green often said “God helps those who help themselves”， intending to ________ on us the significance of being independent.

　　A.base B.impress

　　C.focus D.rely

　　9.One reason why the housing prices in big cities are going up all the time is that people are ________ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.[来源:www.shulihua.net]

　　A.breaking B.pouring[来源:www.shulihua.net]

　　C.filling D.squeezing

　　10.Do not fear them, for there is nothing covered that will not be ________， and nothing hidden that will not be made known.

　　A.criticized B.defined

　　C.estimated D.revealed

　　11.Learning to ________ makes it easier for one to get along with others in work and life.

　　A.create B.live

　　C.share D.learn

　　12.Recently the south of our country has been worst ________ by the drought.

　　A.impressed B.affected

　　C.expressed D.designed

　　13.Your daughter ________ to be a famous musician, so you should keep her practising the piano.

　　A.promises B.agrees

　　C.expects D.pretends

　　14.It's no surprise she's leaving the course—she's never really________.

　　A.fitted in B.showed up

　　C.given in D.burnt up

　　15.I listened carefully to his long b oring speech, but could not ________ what he was talking abou t.

　　A.pick out B.bri ng out

　　C.make out D.give out

　　16.—Did you see Jay Chou at his album signing?

　　—Not really.We waited in line for an hour, only to be ________ at the door.

　　A.turned away B.turned out

　　C.turned off D.turned up

　　17. Whenever I look at these photos, they will ________ happy memories of my stay in New York.

　　A.call off B.call for

　　C.call up D.call on

　　18. The secretary has a lot of things to ________ in the office since she has been away for quite a few days.

　　A.take up B.make up

　　C.work out D.carry out

　　19.It is so noisy in the restaurant and hard for us to________a conversation.

　　A.go on B.keep on

　　C.carry on D.take on

　　20.—Shall I ________ the raincoat?

　　—No hurry. Leave it where it is. It looks like rain.

　　A.put away B.put on

　　C.put forward D.put up

　　21. A wellwritten composition ________ good choice of words and clear organization.

　　A.calls on B.call s for

　　C.calls up D.calls off

　　22.—Why are you ________ your things?

　　—Well, the fact is, I've decided to leave.

　　A.picking up B.packing up

　　C.putting up D.taking up

　　23.A cellphone could ________the energy which could activate your brain.

　　A.give away B.give off

　　C.give back D.give up

　　24. How much you earn is not very important.It is how you earn the money that ________.

　　A.counts B.values

　　C.minds D.means

　　25.That pretty girl really ________ my eye the moment the performance started.

　　A.caught B.held

　　C.pulled D.fixed

　　26. While prices are rising so fast, many people are working out ways to ________down their expenses.

　　A.cut B.put

　　C.turn D.settle

　　27.The China National Environmental Monitoring Centre________ air quality in urban areas from levels one to five: excellent, fairly good, slightly polluted, poor and dangerous.

　　A.distributes B.arranges

　　C.classifies D.divides

　　28. Some parents are just too protective. They want to ________ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.

　　A.spot B.dismiss

　　C.shelter D.distinguish

　　29. My brother is very tall. The little bed won't ________ for him.

　　A.prepare B.match

　　C.fit D.do

　　30.—If your son keeps practising, he ________ to make a famous crosscountry skier in our province.

　　—I'm thrilled with joy and very grateful to you, Mr Li.

　　A.wants B.hopes

　　C.promises D.wishes

　　31.Both parents and teenagers should try their best to communicate more with each other and ________ the gap between them.

　　A.open B.adjust

　　C.narrow D.reduce

　　32.What you should do is just ________ the milk until it boils and then turn off the gas.

　　A.watch B.notice

　　C.sense D.attend

　　33.One primary goal of UNESCO is to ________ modern knowledge society in which all people can participate in information and knowledge.

　　A.make up B.polish up

　　C.build up D.give up

　　34.After decades of effort, the city is still trying to ________ how to ban smoking in public places.

　　A.look through B.get through

　　C.figure out D.take out

　　35.The public ________ Yuan Longping, a great mind who has devoted himself to the research into hybrid ri ce(杂交水稻).

　　A.live up to B.look up to

　　C.come up with D.put up with

　　36.—Jack can't concentrate on his lessons recently.

　　—Yes, that might ________ why he did so badly in the last test.

　　A.answer for B.apply for

　　C.account for D.call for

　　37.We did have a quarrel about money last night, but now we have already ________.

　　A.taken up B.made up

　　C.put up D.brought up

　　38.More and more rich people have promised to ________ their wealth after death to help the poor and the disabled.

　　A.give away B.give up

　　C.give out D.give off

　　39.It is reported that the police will soon ________ the case of the two missing children.

　　A.look upon B.look after

　　C.look into D.look out

　　40.The middleaged man said he would accept the job, so we have asked him to ________ his acceptance in writing.

　　A.confirm B.convey

　　C.convince D.consider

　　41.Remember to ________ a good state of mind even if you should fail plenty of times.

　　A.take up B.brush up

　　C.get up D.keep up

　　42.Had she ________ her promise，she would have made it to Yale University.

　　A.looked up to B.lived up to

　　C.kept up with D.come up with

　　43.Just as Professor Scotti often ________ it, success is ninetynine per cent of mental attitude.

　　A.gets B.makes

　　C.puts D.means

　　44.The keys were ________ to our neighbours du ring our absence.

　　A.given out B.given away

　　C.given over D.given up