8.Scientist：More than 1, 000 large asteroids regularly
cross the Earth’s path．Even though the probabil-
ity of one colliding with the Earth is extremely
slight, we should do whatever we can to reduce
that probability since any such collision would
be catastrophic．The best way to avoid such a
disaster is to deflect the asteroids．The only
known way of deflecting asteroids is by hitting
them with nuclear weapons that would be stored
in space stations．
The scientist’s claims are structured so as to lead to
which of the following conclusions？
(A)Nuclear technology is the only technology that
can plausibly be used to prevent natural
catastrophes．
(B)Nuclear weapons should be deployed in space．
(C)No catastrophe has yet been caused by the
collision of an asteroid with the Earth．
(D)The 1, 000 large asteroids that cross the Earth’s
path pose only an extremely slight risk of
colliding with the Earth．
(E)There is currently no acceptable use to which
nuclear weapons can be put, aside from pro-
tecting the Earth from asteroids．
9.It has long been thought that high levels of the hor-
mone testosterone contribute to the onset of heart
disease in men．However, this view cannot be correct,
since men who have heart disease typically show
significantly lower levels of testosterone than do men
who have not had heart disease．
The argument above assumes which of the following？
(A)Many men who have never had heart disease
have unusually low levels of testosterone．
(B)Having heart disease does not significantly lower
the level of testosterone in men．
(C)Levels of hormones other than testosterone
significantly affect the likelihood that a man
will develop heart disease．
(D)Heart disease and lowered testosterone levels in
men are the effects of a single common cause．
(E)High levels of testosterone have never been
thought to contribute to a serious disease other
than heart disease
10.The time-out technique involves removing the child from
an undesirable situation in order to let the child think
things over．Over the last two decades, family doctors
have been advocating this technique as preferable to
spanking, which is now known to be potentially injurious
and no more effective．
10.Which of the following can properly be concluded
from the data presented in the graph？
(A)The 1962 survey was based on a larger sample
than the 1992 survey was．
(B)In the period between the surveys, denying tele-
vision privileges was never the disciplinary
technique most popular with parents．
(C)The four disciplinary techniques featured in the
graph were the only disciplinary techniques
named by parents in either survey．
(D)The 1962 survey allowed parents to name more
than one disciplinary technique, but the 1992
survey may not have allowed this．
(E)In the period between the surveys, there were
no significant changes in the popularity of lec-
turing children as a disciplinary method．
11.People who engage in scuba diving are healthier, on
average, than people who do not engage in this
activity．Therefore, scuba diving tends to promote
improved health．
The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the
grounds that it
(A)presupposes that everyone who takes up scuba
diving does so solely for health reasons
(B)leads to a further and falsifiable conclusion that
no one can achieve good health without
engaging in scuba diving
(C)fails to point out that a small number of people
are seriously injured in scuba diving accidents
each year
(D)treats a precondition for improving one’s health
as though it were something that by itself
could ensure good health
(E)overlooks the possibility that people generally do
not take up scuba diving unless they are in
good health
Questions 12-15
An art museum owns six paintings by an eighteenth-
century painter．The paintings, listed in order by esti-
mated value from lowest to highest, are F, G, H, S, T,
and U．Paintings F, G, and H are landscapes; S, T, and U
are portraits．At any one time, exactly three of the six
paintings are on exhibit, subject to the following
restrictions:
The paintings on exhibit cannot all be landscapes．
If the exhibit includes only one portrait, that portrait
must be U．
H cannot be on exhibit at any time that T is on exhibit.
12.Which of the following could be the three paintings
on exhibit at some point？
(A)F, G, and H
(B)F, G, and T
(C)G, H, and S
(D)G, S, and U
(E)H, T, and U
13.Which of the following, if they are the first two
paintings selected for inclusion in a future exhibit,
leave the widest choice of paintings for the third
painting in that future exhibit？
(A)F and G
(B)G and H
(C)H and U
(D)S and T
(E)S and U
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