高一英语第一单元课件

　　课件是具有共同教学目标的可在计算机上展现的文字、声音、图像、视频等素材的集合。下面是关于人教版高一英语第一单元课件的内容，欢迎阅读！

Learning aims: 学习目标：

　　Master the grammar of this unit. ------直接引语和间接引语Direct Speech & Indirect Speech

Teaching procedures: 学习过程

一、 自主学习(self-study)

　　Step 1 了解学习背景

　　直接引语和间接引语是人教版高中必修1第一单元的语法，也是学生升入高中后需要掌握的第一个完整、系统的语法项目，它与高中重要的语法项目之一------宾语从句有着紧密联系，因此学、学透这一语法对于高一新生来说有着至关重要的作。学生在初中接触过它，因此也是初、高中衔接的一个总要内容。

　　Step 2. 什么是直接引语和间接引语

　　我们转述别人的话有两种方式：

　　1. 引用别人的原话，被引用的部分叫直接引语，直接引语放在引号内，不用连词连接；

　　2. 用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语，不用引号，但通常用连词与主句连接。

　　这两种引语都是宾语从句。

　　例如：Mr. Black said, “I am busy.” --------( ) 引语

　　Mr. Black said that he was busy. -------( ) 引语

二、合作探究（Co-exploration ）

　　学习小组共同探究以下内容

　　直接引语变间接引语的3种情况 （陈述句，疑问句，祈使句）

　　温馨提示：遇到直接引语变间接引语时，我们首先考虑是以下那种句式：陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，然后根据相应的规则来变，或套用相应的句型。

　　1. 陈述句

　　直接引语如果是陈述句，变间接引语时，谓语动词后常用连词that 引导（that在口语中常省略），主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替。可以说sb. said that或 sb. said to sb. that,或sb. told sb. that，不可直接说sb. told that

　　比如：

　　He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.”

　　→ He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.

　　→He said that he had been to the Great Wall.

　　→He told me that he had been to the Great Wall.

　　另外从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等也要做相应的变化。这方面汉语和英语有许多相似之处，因此在做直接引语和间接引语的转化练习时要注意句子的意思。

　　1） 人称的变化

　　He said, “I like it very much .” -------He said that he liked it very much.

　　He said to me, “I’ve left your book in my room.”------He told me that he had left my book in his room.

　　（学生自我检测： 你能找出哪些人称发生了变化了吗？）

　　2）时态的变化 (牢记下列规则)

　　时态的变化 例句（直接引语→间接引语）

　　一般现在时 → 一般过去时 She said, “I need a pen.” → She said that she needed a pen.

　　现在进行时 → 过去进行时 He said, “I am expecting a call.” → He said that he was expecting a call.

　　现在完成时→ 过去完成时

　　Tom said, “Our team has won the game.” →Tom said that his team had won the game.

　　一般过去时→ 过去完成时

　　Mary said, “I took it home with me.” →Mary said that she had taken it home with her.

　　过去完成时→过去完成时 He said, “I had finished my work before supper.” → He said that he had finished his work before supper.

　　一般将来时→过去将来时 Paul said, “I will call again later.” →Paul said that he would call again later.

　　拓展延伸：直接引语变间接引语时态不变化的情况

　　1. 直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变

　　The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” →

　　The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

　　2. 主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态或将来时态，在引述时，时态不变。

　　She says, “I’ll never forget the days in the country.” →She says that she’ll never forget the days in the country.

　　He will say, “The boy was lazy.” → He will tell you that the boy was lazy.

　　3. 直接引语是一般过去时，并且和具体的过去时间连用，时态不变。

　　She said, “I was born in 1983.” → She said that she was born in 1983.

　　（学生自我检测： 你发现上述时态发生了变化了吗？试试你记住这些规定了吗？）

　　1 一般现在时 →（ ） 2 现在进行时 → （ ）

　　3 现在完成时→ （ ） 4 一般过去时→ （ ）

　　5 过去完成时→ （ ） 6 一般将来时→ （ ）

　　3）指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等的.变化

　　（学生自我检测：根据现有知识积累，你能填出下列直接引语变间接引语时词的变化吗？试试看！）

　　指示代词： 1 this → 2 these →

　　时间状语： 3 now → 4 ago → 5 four years ago →

　　6 today → 7 tomorrow → 8 yesterday →

　　9 this week → 10 last week → 11 next month →

　　12 the day after tomorrow →

　　13 the day before yesterday →

　　地点状语： 14 here →

　　趋向性动词的变化：15 come → 16 bring →

　　2. 疑问句 （一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句）

　　一般疑问句变为由if /whether引导的宾语从句，其他方面变化同陈述句的变化，

　　即句型：sb. asked (sb.) if/ whether +陈述句

　　特殊疑问句变为由特殊疑问引导的宾语从句，其他方面变化同陈述句的变化，

　　即句型：sb. asked (sb.) what/when/who +陈述句

　　选择疑问句 变成whether…or句型来表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…

　　例如： He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” →He asked me whether I spoke English or French.

　　I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” → I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.

　　He said, “Are you interested in English?” →He asked whether I was interested in English.

　　He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”

　　→He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.

　　3. 祈使句

　　转述祈使句时，将祈使句的动词原型变为动词不定式，并在不定时to 前根据句子的意思加上tell, ask, order 等动词，形成3 种句型

　　（1） 表示邀请、请求某人做某事时用ask sb. to do sth.

　　(2) 表示叫、吩咐某人做某事时用tell sb. to do sth

　　(3) 表示命令某人做某事时用order sb. to do sth .

　　表示否定时，在不定式前加not，构成句型ask sb. not to do sth., tell sb. not to do sth, order sb. not to do sth

　　例如： The old man said, “Don’t smoke in the hall.” → The old man told us not to smoke in the hall.

　　The officer said, “Go away.” → The officer ordered us to go away.

　　She said to us, “Please have a seat,” → she asked us to have a seat.

　　注意： 1. 当祈使句的直接引语变间接引语时，因为祈使句表示请求、命令等语气，所以不存在时态的变化，但是人称、指示代词、时间、地点状语等还要做相应的变化。

　　2. 祈使句中的please 在间接引语中必须省去，用句型ask sb. to do sth.

　　拓展： 1. 如果直接引语是表示“建议”的祈使句或疑问句，通常变为suggested that sb. should do sth或suggested doing sth

　　例如：He said, “ Let’s go to the park.” → He suggested (our) going to the park.

　　→ He suggested that we should go to the park.

　　2. 直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语可以用what或 how引导，也可以用 that引导

　　She said, “What a lovely day it is !” → She said what a lovely day it was!

　　→ She said that it was a lovely day.